1. **Swim Bladder Expansion**: The swim bladder, which helps fish maintain buoyancy, can expand too quickly and rupture. This can lead to buoyancy issues, making it difficult for the fish to swim properly.
2. **Embolism**: Gas bubbles can form in the fish’s bloodstream, which can be fatal. This is similar to decompression sickness in humans.
3. **Protruding Eyes**: The pressure change can cause the eyes of the fish to bulge out, which is a clear sign of barotrauma.
4. **Internal Organ Damage**: The rapid ascent can cause damage to internal organs due to the expansion of gases within them.
5. **Skin Lesions**: Fish can also suffer from skin injuries or lesions due to the pressure change, leading to infections.
To minimize barotrauma, anglers can use techniques like descending devices or venting tools to help fish recover before releasing them back into the water. Understanding these injuries is crucial for sport fishermen who practice catch and release, as it helps in ensuring the survival of the fish after being caught.
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