1. **Live Bait**:
- **Worms**: Nightcrawlers and red wigglers are excellent choices for targeting a variety of species like trout, bass, and panfish. They are versatile and can be used in different water conditions.
- **Minnows**: Small shiners or creek chubs can attract larger predatory fish such as pike and bass. Hook them through the back or lips to keep them lively.
- **Crayfish**: These are particularly effective for bass fishing. You can catch them yourself or buy them from bait shops. Hook them through the back just behind the claws.
2. **Artificial Bait**:
- **Soft Plastics**: Worms, grubs, and creature baits mimic the natural prey of fish. Use colors that match the local forage. For example, green pumpkin and watermelon are great for bass.
- **Spinnerbaits**: These are effective for covering water quickly and can attract aggressive species like pike and bass. They work well in both clear and murky waters.
- **Crankbaits**: These can be used to target fish at various depths. Choose a pattern that resembles local baitfish.
3. **Cut Bait**: For species like catfish, using cut pieces of fish (like shad or herring) can be very effective. Use a heavier hook to ensure it stays on the line.
4. **Dough Balls**: These are particularly effective for carp. You can make your own dough balls using flour, cornmeal, and water, or buy them pre-made.
Always consider the target species, local regulations, and seasonal patterns when choosing your bait. Happy fishing!
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